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  • Trends in Foreign Direct Investment in Russia in the Period 1992-2009: A Study of the Economic, Political, and Social Determinants of FDI in the Russian Federation during the Transition to Market Economy

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    Description:
    The transition form a centrally planned to market economy in the Russian Federation has been a dynamic period in the country's development. Within the time frame 1992-2009, Russia's economy has been characterized by a marked lack of stability, high uncertainty, and insufficient transparency in the financial markets. Efforts to improve the efficiency in the manufacturing sector have been futile, as the country has had to rely primarily on its extractive sector, capitalizing on the oil and natural gas assets throughout its large territory. In addition, the legal system during the two terms of Boris Yeltsin was in stagnation, and only Vladimir Putin's reforms after 2000 achieved mediocre success in this field. The shocks in 1998 and 2008 have also exerted their impact on the Russian markets, slowing development significantly. As a result of these events, foreign direct investment in the Russian Federation has undergone dynamic changes in the past eighteen years. Despite the rapid surge in FDI in the period 2004-2007, the Global Financial Crisis has curbed its growth. Still fighting the effects of the credit crunch, Russia is currently in the process of recovery, attempting to attract a substantial number of foreign investors. In this paper, I will argue that foreign direct investment in the period 1992-2009 has been determined by a combination of economic and political factors, including trade and tariffs, GDP, inflation, the size of the market, labor costs, the fiscal balance, the exchange rate, agglomerations effects, infrastructure, and the methods of privatization. I will also contend that the global financial conditions have had a relatively minor impact on the development of FDI and the primary Factors are, in effect, endogenous. A linear regression with ordinary least squares and selected independent variables can provide a forecast for the levels of FDI in the future. In order to correct for autocorrelations, I will utilize the ARIMA approach, as well. Finally, I will provide a viable prediction for the levels of FDI in the next few years.
    Keyword:
    ARIMA, foreign direct investment, inflation, economic trends, tariffs, trade, Stolper-Samuelson Theorem, OLS, market economy, GPD, USSR, fiscal balance, and Russian Federation
    Subject:
    Economics
    Creator:
    Bletsov, Anton
    Contributor:
    Dr. Edwin Dickens, Thesis Advisor
    Owner:
    lsquillante@saintpeters.edu
    Publisher:
    Saint Peter's University
    Date Uploaded:
    06/17/2021
    Date Modified:
    06/17/2021
    Date Created:
    Spring 2010
    Rights Statement:
    In Copyright
    Resource Type:
    Research Paper

  • Progressively Institutionalized, Progressively Unequal: The disappearing Middle Class and Rising Inequality in the 21st Century

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    Description:
    The economies of the world are all connected in one way or another and the institutions that intertwine them create and allow for the flow of capital, both physical and human. The world also is a place of varying levels of economic inequality that is characterized differently based on a relative or absolute spectrum. The inequality that will be discussed within the text deals with the inequality of a developed nation and how the growth of institutions create an endless cycle of economic stratification and gradual demise of a middle class, focused particularly on the United States of America. The theory holds that as institutions grow and enact policies that focus at achieving stability and greater efficiency the opportunities that may have once been abound disappear creating a stronger class of “owners” and a weakened group of “workers”. The goal of consistent growth and growing productivity within a nation where wealth is not equitably dispersed will ultimately, left unchecked, create a wealth disparity like the world has never seen. Owners of capital who efficiently manage their wealth using the new regulations and technologies will be able to control and do more with less while those without do more for less. Ultimately a growth of capital over GDP, defined as Beta , with the capital, specifically factors of production, efficiently handled in the hands of a few wealth holders who must be relied on for the production and services rendered to the masses.
    Keyword:
    middle class and inequality
    Creator:
    Eid, Charles
    Contributor:
    Dr. Edwin Dickens, Thesis Advisor
    Owner:
    lsquillante@saintpeters.edu
    Publisher:
    Saint Peter's University
    Date Uploaded:
    10/23/2019
    Date Modified:
    10/23/2019
    Date Created:
    May 2019
    Rights Statement:
    In Copyright
    Resource Type:
    Research Paper