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- Description:
- Obesity currently affects more than one-third of adults and 17 percent of youth in the United States while at least 24 million children and adults have type II diabetes. In an attempt to reduce the intake of calories, artificial sweeteners are often used to replace natural sugars, such as sucrose, in commonly consumed foods and drinks. With the rise of artificial sweetener usage there has been much speculation on their adverse effects, as well as those of sugar. While extensive research has been done on the carcinogenic effects of aspartame, far too few of it pertains to its effects on neurological development. Likewise, there is limited data that currently links the use of aspartame to changes in cardiac function, although more research is starting to suggest that greater aspartame consumption may have a role in the development of cardiovascular disease. This study investigates the effects of sucrose and aspartame, individually and in combination on larval development in Xenopus laevis (African clawed frog). Xenopus laevis embryos are an appropriate model organism due to the rapid rate of development and a transparent larval stage. Specimens were incubated in aspartame and sucrose concentrations of 10 μg/ml and 25 μg/ml. The rate of development of each group is analyzed and compared to the control group to draw a connection between the exposure to the compounds and their development; thus investigating a causal relationship. Embryos were photographed for any morphological changes. Preliminary results indicate that there were no observed changes in the neural development of the X. laevis however, the heart rates of those exposed to 25 μg/ml of aspartame were twice the rate of those exposed to lower concentrations of aspartame and of sucrose. Further research is needed to understand the effects of aspartame on the cardiovascular changes that result.
- Creator:
- Olcese, Rebecca
- Contributor:
- Dr. Christina Mortellaro, Thesis Advisor
- Owner:
- lsquillante@saintpeters.edu
- Publisher:
- Saint Peter's University
- Date Uploaded:
- 10/23/2019
- Date Modified:
- 10/23/2019
- Rights Statement:
- In Copyright
- Resource Type:
- Research Paper
- Description:
- One of the most controversial provisions of the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act is the $10,000 limitation placed on the SALT deduction. The limitation is expected to negatively impact all high-tax states, especially New Jersey. This thesis seeks to discover if each and every county in New Jersey is expected to be negatively impacted by the new provision. The study analyzes the average itemized deduction and average SALT deduction of each county from tax years 2011 to 2016 to determine what the expected average itemized deduction would be in tax year 2018. The analysis finds that 20 out of 21 counties are expected to see a lower average SALT deduction in 2018 and thus, a majority of New Jersey taxpayers will be negatively impacted by the limitation. These affected taxpayers are expected to see higher federal tax liabilities in 2018 than in previous tax years.
- Creator:
- Shiwkumar, Melanie
- Contributor:
- Professor Andrew Pogogeff, Thesis Advisor
- Owner:
- lsquillante@saintpeters.edu
- Publisher:
- Saint Peter's University
- Date Uploaded:
- 10/23/2019
- Date Modified:
- 10/23/2019
- Rights Statement:
- In Copyright
- Resource Type:
- Research Paper
- Description:
- In recent years, there have been numerous developments in quantum computation. These developments have brought into question, how quantum computers could affect security have risen. For instance, Shor’s algorithm is believed to be able to break certain encryptions faster on a perfect quantum computer faster than on, what is known as, classical computers. In a few years or decades, there could be significant developments made that allow for quantum computers to perform Shor’s Algorithm. As quantum computers exist now, the implementation of the algorithm is known to be difficult as the computes are very basic. Attempts to create quantum circuits that can compute Shor’s Algorithms aid in the understanding of the algorithm.
- Subject:
- Computer Science
- Creator:
- Marcillo-Gomez, Samuel
- Contributor:
- Dr. Alberto La Cava, Thesis Advisor
- Owner:
- lsquillante@saintpeters.edu
- Publisher:
- Saint Peter's University
- Date Uploaded:
- 10/23/2019
- Date Modified:
- 01/18/2023
- Rights Statement:
- In Copyright
- Resource Type:
- Research Paper
- Description:
- In this thesis I will contrast the fluid cultural, political, religious, legal, and ethical perspectives within and between the United States and the Netherlands on self-determination and the right to assisted suicide. This topic is under-researched considering the vast number of individuals joining the geriatric community as the baby boomer generation gets older and the medical advances that are capable of prolonging lives for all ages regardless of the quality of these lives. This paper compares real life cases of assisted suicide and refusal of treatment as well as the functioning of euthanasia in the Netherlands and the United States.
- Creator:
- Mussman, Melanie
- Contributor:
- Dr. David Surrey, Thesis Advisor
- Owner:
- lsquillante@saintpeters.edu
- Publisher:
- Saint Peter's University
- Date Uploaded:
- 10/23/2019
- Date Modified:
- 10/23/2019
- Rights Statement:
- In Copyright
- Resource Type:
- Research Paper
- Description:
- By doing a comparative study of several countries who utilize a circular economy, have a superior waste management system, and are an industrialized country, this thesis will come to the conclusion as to whether or not better waste management equates to a better economy in the long run. Based on the findings of the comparative study, the thesis will make policy suggestions on how to improve the United States waste management system and economy. Lastly, the thesis will seek to provide solutions and alternatives to waste management in the United States through innovative technology and processes from other countries and from original concepts.
- Creator:
- Padilla, Joshua
- Contributor:
- Dr. Alp Tuncaci, Thesis Advisor
- Owner:
- lsquillante@saintpeters.edu
- Publisher:
- Saint Peter's University
- Date Uploaded:
- 10/23/2019
- Date Modified:
- 10/23/2019
- Rights Statement:
- In Copyright
- Resource Type:
- Research Paper
- Description:
- This thesis is meant to examine how Zimbabwe became an authoritarian nation. A country is not predestined toward democracy or dictatorship. Rather, there are multiple complexities throughout a country’s history that need to be addressed in order to assess what led to the nation’s current state of affairs. ZANU-PF is currently the ruling party of Zimbabwe and it has been since the country’s independence in 1980. Although the country is constitutionally democratic, Robert Mugabe ruled the country for nearly thirty years, only to be ousted in a military coup. Mugabe oversaw a number of questionable policy moves and guided the country through constitutional reform wherein he was able to secure more power. Fellow party member and former Vice President Emmerson Mnangagwa succeeded Mugabe. The political future of the country still remains unclear.
- Creator:
- Farrell, Patrick
- Contributor:
- Dr. John Johnson, Jr., Thesis Advisor
- Owner:
- lsquillante@saintpeters.edu
- Publisher:
- Saint Peter's University
- Date Uploaded:
- 10/23/2019
- Date Modified:
- 10/23/2019
- Rights Statement:
- In Copyright
- Resource Type:
- Research Paper
167. Women Pray to Get Paid Better: The Relationship Between High Religiosity Levels & the Gender Pay Gap
- Description:
- The gender pay gap has narrowed since 1980, but it has remained relatively stable over the past decade. The purpose of this thesis is to determine if there is a link between religiosity and the participation of women in the workforce as well as the gender pay gap. Using statistical data from online databases and surveys, we examined the following countries: Norway, Sweden, Turkey, United Kingdom, and United States through their religiosity levels, gender pay gaps, labor participation rates, and estimated incomes of men and women. Our findings suggest that there is a correlation between religiosity levels and the gender gaps in the countries we analyzed.
- Creator:
- Calle, Ariana
- Contributor:
- Dr. Alp Tuncaci, Thesis Advisor
- Owner:
- lsquillante@saintpeters.edu
- Publisher:
- Saint Peter's University
- Date Uploaded:
- 10/23/2019
- Date Modified:
- 10/23/2019
- Rights Statement:
- In Copyright
- Resource Type:
- Research Paper
- Description:
- Cannabis sativa, commonly known as marijuana, was once widely coveted for its medicinal properties in the ancient world. However, over the past several centuries, marijuana rose to notorious fame to claim the title as the world’s most illicit and stigmatized drug. Due to its criminalized status, its use declined dramatically as the world turned its back on all the medicinal properties that the cannabis plant has to offer. In recent years, tremendous support from the public and several state legislatures worked to reverse marijuana’s stigmatized past by instating laws to decriminalize and legalize the recreational and medical use of marijuana in some states. Because the marijuana laws in many states still reflect those enacted during the cannabis prohibition at the end of the 20th century, the necessary procurement of cannabis for research purposes remains restricted, which results in limited clinical data on the safety of medical cannabis use for the treatment of ailments such as epilepsy. As one of the most common non-communicable neurological condition, epilepsy reduces the quality of life of all affected individuals. In addition, one-third of epileptic patients is drug-resistant and develops adverse side effects when they take conventional antiepileptic drugs.Therefore, an efficient drug with few side effects is urgently demanded for many epileptic cases that respond poorly to certain conventional treatments. The non-psychoactive component of medical cannabis, cannabidiol (CBD), has proven to have antiepileptic effects. Recent clinical trials discover that patients who are treated with higher levels of CBD have decreased the frequency at which their seizures occur. The goal of this paper is to provide a quick overview of the history of medical cannabis and current medical cannabis laws in conjunction with the introduction to the endocannabinoid system (ECS) and the mechanisms of CBD. Hopefully, the literature review will positively rebrand marijuana by conveying the efficacy at which medical cannabis can be used to effectively treat drug-resistant epilepsy and improve the quality of life of patients.
- Creator:
- Ly, Thu Anh
- Contributor:
- Dr Daniel Fried, Thesis Advisor
- Owner:
- lsquillante@saintpeters.edu
- Publisher:
- Saint Peter's University
- Date Uploaded:
- 10/23/2019
- Date Modified:
- 10/23/2019
- Rights Statement:
- In Copyright
- Resource Type:
- Research Paper
- Description:
- The following paper delves into the media habits of members of Generation Y (Millennials) and Generation Z. Media consumption is rising rapidly and, as more people get access to more content, there are going to be wider audiences searching for themselves in the entertainment they consume. How content creators choose to represent stories influences audience dialogue on sensitive variables such as youth mental health, evident in popular shows such as 13 Reasons Why (Jacobson, 2017). Growing up with a non-stop flow of information and media creates a group of critical consumers, especially embodied in the current emphasis on inclusive narratives. Urban youth, for example, might call for specific perspectives to deal with unique traumas (Ickovics, J.R., Meade, C.S., Kerhsaw, T.S., Milan, S., Lewis, J.B. & Ethier, K.A., 2006). This research was designed to get an idea of how Millennials and Generation Z perceive themselves in media. The following information was received via survey, distributed electronically to the Saint Peter’s University student body in Jersey City, New Jersey. The majority of respondents were female members of Generation Z. People reported feeling least represented in regards to religion and most represented in regards to generation. On a scale of 1 to 5, the majority ranked themselves at a 3 when asked how represented in media they felt. Three of the top choices for shows that were the most successful at authentically representing Millennials and Generation Z were also some of the top choices for shows that were least successful at accurate portrayals of Millennials and Generation Z, these being 13 Reasons Why, Modern Family and To All the Boys I’ve Loved Before. The findings concluded with the strong assertion that 96% of young adults would like their generation to have input in the media created for their consumption.
- Creator:
- Lalaoui, Reyhan
- Contributor:
- Dr. Cynthia Walker, Thesis Advisor
- Owner:
- lsquillante@saintpeters.edu
- Publisher:
- Saint Peter's University
- Date Uploaded:
- 10/23/2019
- Date Modified:
- 10/23/2019
- Rights Statement:
- In Copyright
- Resource Type:
- Research Paper
- Description:
- Input from neuromodulators shapes the rhythmic output of a central pattern generator (CPG) network. When released by a projection neuron, the impact of neuromodulators is convoluted by synaptic interactions with a target network. Yet, how synaptic interactions influence neuromodulation of target networks is not well understood. We use a mathematical model to examine this issue in the gastric mill CPG of the crab, Cancer borealis. Physiologically, the projection neuron MCN1 elicits a gastric mill rhythm (GMR) via synaptic excitation of the LG neuron. This GMR is represented by the biphasic activity pattern of the lateral gastric (LG) neuron. Many previous models have treated MCN1 action on LG as a slow, passive current. However, MCN1 also triggers a modulator-activated, voltage-gated inward current (IMI) in LG. We examine the influence of IMI in our model. We show that IMI primarily impacts one phase of LG neuron activity. Next, we show that IMI produces a similar influence on LG activity as that of a core inhibitory synapse from Interneuron 1 (INT1) onto LG. Finally, we show that removal of the INT1-to-LG synapse disrupts the GMR, but the GMR activity can be restored by modifying the properties of IMI.We conclude that synaptic interactions can enable neuromodulators to provide a CPG with more flexibility for producing rhythmic output.
- Creator:
- Liquido, Madel
- Contributor:
- Dr. Nikolas Kintos, Thesis Advisor
- Owner:
- lsquillante@saintpeters.edu
- Publisher:
- Saint Peter's University
- Date Uploaded:
- 10/23/2019
- Date Modified:
- 10/23/2019
- Rights Statement:
- In Copyright
- Resource Type:
- Research Paper