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  • Diversity in the Classroom: Implementing Culturally Relevant Pedagogy in High School English Classes

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    Description:
    This thesis takes up the issue of the traditional English curriculum in high school English classes and emphasizes the importance of incorporating culturally relevant pedagogy into English classes.
    Keyword:
    diversity in education, diversity in English literature, Secondary Education, literary canon, and English curriculum
    Subject:
    English
    Creator:
    Mendez, Dania
    Contributor:
    Dr. Michael Walonen, Thesis Advisor
    Owner:
    lsquillante@saintpeters.edu
    Publisher:
    Saint Peter's University
    Date Uploaded:
    06/21/2022
    Date Modified:
    06/21/2022
    Date Created:
    Spring 2022
    Rights Statement:
    In Copyright
    Resource Type:
    Research Paper

  • The Role of Social Class of Women in Gothic Novels

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    Description:
    Within the Gothic novels The Castle of Otranto, Dracula, The Turn of the Screw, and Rebecca, women's level of independence and morality had no connection to the social class they belonged to. However, the views of identity and sexuality are direct reflections of the social class to which each woman belonged.
    Keyword:
    The Castle of Otranto, Rebecca, Dracula, Gothic novels, The Turn of the Screw, and role of women
    Subject:
    English
    Creator:
    Mangan, Cheyenne
    Contributor:
    Dr. Kathleen Monahan, Thesis Advisor
    Owner:
    lsquillante@saintpeters.edu
    Publisher:
    Saint Peter's University
    Date Uploaded:
    06/14/2022
    Date Modified:
    06/14/2022
    Date Created:
    Spring 2022
    Rights Statement:
    In Copyright
    Resource Type:
    Research Paper

  • The Difference Between Tax Avoidance and Tax Evasion

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    Keyword:
    tax scandal, tax avoidance, taxes, and tax evasion
    Subject:
    Accounting
    Creator:
    Castro, Kersy
    Contributor:
    Professor Brigid D'Souza, Thesis Advisor
    Owner:
    lsquillante@saintpeters.edu
    Publisher:
    Saint Peter's University
    Date Uploaded:
    06/14/2022
    Date Modified:
    06/14/2022
    Date Created:
    Spring 2022
    Rights Statement:
    In Copyright
    Resource Type:
    Research Paper

  • Legislation for Americans with Food Allergies: The Need for Expansion in Accommodations, Labeling, Education, and Cross-contamination Laws

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    Description:
    Current legislation is inefficient for caring for the needs of individuals with disabilities, especially those with food allergies. Despite the fact that there are additional laws put in place since 2018, America is behind other countries including those in the European Union (E.U.) when it comes to identifying the major allergens that the general population face. While America recognizes 9 major allergens, the E.U. incorporates 14 in its ingredient labeling acts. Additionally, with the rise of internet food orders, the E.U. has implemented a system where food delivery professionals would state the allergens in the foods to the customer. (Yiannas, 2022) Also, the E.U. prompts for prominently displayed articles to be present in online menus where patrons may choose their food option. America does not adhere to either of these conditions when vending food to its customers on online platforms. (Bannister, 2022) Despite the annexation of recent laws, it is not adequate to accommodate the needs of persons with food allergies as hundreds die yearly from food allergy-triggered anaphylaxis. In fact, with the addition of these laws, restaurants possess an even greater duty of care now that they have possession of informational flyers in their staff and customer forum. Therefore, restaurants need to accommodate the needs of persons with food allergies within reason and they need to inform individuals about food allergens that they would not in ordinary circumstances know about. Restaurants bear this heightened duty of care to not cause harm to their invitees and under the Americans with Disabilities Act, the responsibility to properly accommodate reasonably for their customers’ food allergies. In this paper, I hope to identify the current legislation and highlight both areas where improvement can and should be addressed.
    Keyword:
    food allergy in America, food allergies, food education, food allergy law, and legislation
    Subject:
    Marketing Management
    Creator:
    Resurreccion, Jesse
    Contributor:
    Dr. Lori Buza, Esq., Thesis Advisor
    Owner:
    lsquillante@saintpeters.edu
    Publisher:
    Saint Peter's University
    Date Uploaded:
    06/14/2022
    Date Modified:
    06/14/2022
    Date Created:
    Spring 2022
    Rights Statement:
    In Copyright
    Resource Type:
    Research Paper

  • Nowhere to Go, No One to Help: Covid's Collateral Consequences

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    Description:
    The objective for this research is to build a future policy that will improve help given to domestic violence victims. It is to look at the different problems both before and during the pandemic and figure out what changes can be made to better protect and aid the victims. By interviewing non-profit organizations and an EMT, we get a better idea of the challenges that advocates face before and after the COVID-19 pandemic. The results show an increase in cases and demand for services when the pandemic started, with many organizations put on hold or transitioning to online services.
    Keyword:
    domestic violence, COVID-19, and non-profit organizations
    Subject:
    Criminal Justice
    Creator:
    Ramos, Janise
    Contributor:
    Dr. Beth Adubato, Thesis Advisor
    Owner:
    lsquillante@saintpeters.edu
    Publisher:
    Saint Peter's University
    Date Uploaded:
    06/14/2022
    Date Modified:
    06/14/2022
    Date Created:
    Spring 2022
    Rights Statement:
    In Copyright
    Resource Type:
    Research Paper

  • Arabidopsis thaliana Root Growth and Guard Cell Aperture Responds to RACK1 Regulation of miRNA During Salt Stress Condition for Better Crop Production

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    Description:
    Analysis, of model plant Arabidopsis thaliana root growth and guard cell aperture in stressful environment conditions is a beneficial way to understand overall plant growth and development. We examined the effects of scaffold protein RACK1 on small RNAs miR393 and its regulation of A. thaliana primary roots, lateral roots, and guard cells as the plant was exposed to sodium chloride (NaCl). Our results on individual mutant analysis support the hypothesis that genetic loss of RACK1A causes regulation of miR393 as A. thaliana primary root length, lateral root number, and guard cell aperture all point to the plant being more sensitive to NaCl stress. We propose a theoretical method of creating double and triple mutants, using a more efficient way to produce mutants in plants using the CRISPR/Cas9 system and bioinformatics. With double mutants, we seek to further confirm that RACK1s regulation of miR393 affects plant growth and development by modulating root growth and guard cell aperture.
    Keyword:
    MicroRNAs (miRNAs), RACK1, Primary Roots, Lateral Roots, CRISPR/Cas9, and Arabidopsis thaliana (A. thaliana)
    Subject:
    Biology
    Creator:
    Rondon, Taylor
    Contributor:
    Dr. Denver Jn. Baptiste, Thesis Advisor
    Owner:
    lsquillante@saintpeters.edu
    Publisher:
    Saint Peter's University
    Date Uploaded:
    06/14/2022
    Date Modified:
    06/14/2022
    Date Created:
    Spring 2022
    Rights Statement:
    In Copyright
    Resource Type:
    Research Paper

  • Ethical Micromanagement: An Alternative Approach to Organizational Flourishing

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    Description:
    Micromanagers and general micromanagement have been feared and hated by the global workforce since these terms were coined and later popularized. The detriment of micromanagers and their behavior in the workplace to the collective productivity of the team(s) they manage and the company they work for have been observed by workers for several decades. However, despite the negativity that sufferers of micromanagement have attributed to their previous managers’ management styles, their methods are still capable of great results, but only when they are executed properly. To discover if a top-to-bottom innovative style of micromanagement is viable in a work environment befitting this kind of management, the idea of a positive micromanager, or a micro-monitor, is defined, explained, and applied by all the relevant psychological theories, the main one being positive psychology.
    Keyword:
    organization, deviance, micromanager, micromanagement, and workplace
    Subject:
    Psychology
    Creator:
    Kavanagh, Jamie P.
    Contributor:
    Dr. Joshua Feinberg, Thesis Advisor
    Owner:
    lsquillante@saintpeters.edu
    Publisher:
    Saint Peter's University
    Date Uploaded:
    06/14/2022
    Date Modified:
    08/02/2022
    Date Created:
    Spring 2022
    Rights Statement:
    In Copyright
    Resource Type:
    Research Paper

  • On the Effects of Supplemental Lycopene on Pseudomonas fluorescens Biofilm Growth and Their Therapeutic Potential

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    Description:
    Even with modern medical discoveries and advances, few effective means exist to combat antibiotic resistance in the clinical setting, and as such treating infections due to pathogens that exhibit it continues to be a formidable challenge for doctors and medical practitioners. Often, it is found that antibiotic-resistant bacterial species have within their arsenals the ability to form what are called biofilms. Biofilms are communal, surface-associated assemblages of bacterial cells encased in polysaccharide matrix. Bacterial cells that live within such protective communities are usually more resistant to the effects of antimicrobial agents––like antibiotics––than planktonic (i.e., free-living) bacterial cells, often resulting in elevated levels of virulence and pathogenicity. Therefore, it stands to reason that novel treatments that specifically target the growth of bacterial biofilms would be greatly beneficial in the fight against antibiotic-resistant bacteria (colloquially called “superbugs”). This study in particular investigates whether supplemental lycopene has an inhibitory effect on the growth of Pseudomonas fluorescens biofilms and whether this inhibition can be synergistically enhanced when used with the broad-spectrum antibiotic, chlortetracycline. Previous studies have established the anti-inflammatory and anticarcinogenic properties of lycopene (which is a red-colored carotenoid and antioxidant), but have not investigated its antimicrobial properties in much detail. Obtained results using a standard crystal violet (CV) biofilm assay do suggest that biofilm inhibition increases with increasing supplemental lycopene concentration, and that biofilm inhibition is more substantial when supplemental lycopene is allowed to exert its effects in conjunction with antibiotics like chlortetracycline. Studies involving similar assays are ongoing to corroborate the reproducibility and validity of the obtained results.
    Keyword:
    biofilm, chlortetracycline, lycopene, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Pseudomonas fluorescens
    Subject:
    Biochemistry
    Creator:
    Vora, Mihir J.
    Contributor:
    Dr. Jill Calahan, Thesis Advisor
    Owner:
    lsquillante@saintpeters.edu
    Publisher:
    Saint Peter's University
    Date Uploaded:
    06/14/2022
    Date Modified:
    06/14/2022
    Date Created:
    Spring 2022
    Rights Statement:
    In Copyright
    Resource Type:
    Research Paper

  • Racial Segregation in the American Public School System

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    Keyword:
    school segregation, busing, Jim Crow, racial segregation, racism, and Brown v. Board of Ed
    Subject:
    Political Science
    Creator:
    del Cielo Mendez Varillas, Maria
    Contributor:
    Dr. Anna Brown, Thesis Advisor
    Owner:
    lsquillante@saintpeters.edu
    Publisher:
    Saint Peter's University
    Date Uploaded:
    06/14/2022
    Date Modified:
    06/14/2022
    Date Created:
    Spring 2022
    Rights Statement:
    In Copyright
    Resource Type:
    Research Paper

  • Effects of caffeine, coffee, and decaffeinated coffee on embryonic and larval development in Xenopus laevis (clawed frog), with a focus on neurulation and brain development

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    Description:
    Caffeine is a stimulant often consumed in the form of coffee. Despite its widespread use the effects of caffeine and coffee, especially on early development, are poorly understood. The research aims to study the effects of 5 ug/ml and 10 ug/ml caffeine, 0.01% coffee, and 0.01% decaffeinated coffee on neurulation and brain development in Xenopus laevis (clawed frog). The goal is to determine if caffeine and coffee are teratogenic agents for Xenopus laevis. Furthermore, the research looks at the potential teratogenic effects of decaffeinated coffee as there are few studies done in this area. Xenopus laevis embryos were incubated in four experimental solutions and a control of aged tap water. Development was observed using a stereo microscope, and pictures were taken of the different stages. It was noted that 10 ug/ml caffeine and 0.01% coffee solutions induced the same malformations and mortality in the specimens, while the 0.01% decaffeinated coffee solution induced several malformations not observed in any other group.
    Keyword:
    xenopus laevis, development, coffee, decaffeinated coffee, and caffeine
    Subject:
    Biology
    Creator:
    Chalakova, Maria
    Contributor:
    Dr. Laura Twersky, Thesis Advisor
    Owner:
    lsquillante@saintpeters.edu
    Publisher:
    Saint Peter's University
    Date Uploaded:
    06/14/2022
    Date Modified:
    06/14/2022
    Date Created:
    Spring 2022
    Rights Statement:
    In Copyright
    Resource Type:
    Research Paper

  • The Effect of Corporate Taxation on Investment and Wages

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    Description:
    In 2017, President Donald Trump and Republicans in Congress successfully enacted the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act. This legislation slated the federal corporate tax rate to be reduced from 35 percent to 21 percent in addition to having some investments qualifying for immediate deduction as an expense (Auerbach 1). In passing this act, the White House Council of Economic Advisers predicted that reducing the corporate tax rate to 21 percent would lead to an increase in wages and it would “increase average household income in the United States by, very conservatively, $4,000 annually. … Moreover, the broad range of results in the literature suggests that over a decade, this effect could be much larger” (1). Some conservatives, such as Trump and the Republicans in Congress in 2017, have long argued that corporate tax rate cuts substantially benefit the economy by increasing investment, wages, and employment. On the other hand, opposers of corporate tax rate cuts have made the argument that these supposed benefits are not the reality of this economic policy and that what happens instead is corporations keep the money they save from these tax rate cuts, and wages and investment are not benefited in any sort of way (Hendricks 1). With my honors thesis, I will examine corporate tax rate cuts and their effects on investment and wages specifically. I will examine whether or not the benefits that Republicans and Donald Trump emphasized of increased investments and wages as a result of corporate tax rate reductions are true.
    Keyword:
    tax, investments, TCJA, wages, rates, and corporate
    Subject:
    Accounting
    Creator:
    Apostolico, James
    Contributor:
    Professor Philip Sookram, Thesis Advisor
    Owner:
    lsquillante@saintpeters.edu
    Publisher:
    Saint Peter's University
    Date Uploaded:
    06/14/2022
    Date Modified:
    06/14/2022
    Date Created:
    Spring 2022
    Rights Statement:
    In Copyright
    Resource Type:
    Research Paper

  • Coping with COVID-19: How Streaming Services Proved to Be an Escape from Our Harsh Reality

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    Description:
    The COVID-19 pandemic has affected people from all walks of life in various ways, and it has affected the way we consume media. Some spent more time on social media, others played more video games, but many sought refuge in streaming services and the content they offered. Analyzing this aspect of the pandemic has been done before through various surveys on a much larger scale, and analyzing it is particularly important because it shows how people’s habits changed since the pandemic began. This study is aimed to compare and contrast the streaming habits of people before and since the pandemic began. To achieve this, students at Saint Peter’s University in Jersey City, NJ were surveyed about their streaming habits before and after the pandemic began, as well as a wide variety of people via social media. Previous research suggests that people around the world spent more time on streaming services, as well as on the internet in general. The results of this study suggest the same, with a large focus on college students, but including adults as old as 75 years old. This study showed that since the pandemic began, there was an increase in time spent on streaming services, and the amount of streaming services that people used.
    Keyword:
    theaters, COVID-19, entertainment, movies, and streaming
    Subject:
    Communication & Media Culture
    Creator:
    Caruso, Joseph
    Contributor:
    Dr. Cynthia Walker, Thesis Advisor
    Owner:
    lsquillante@saintpeters.edu
    Publisher:
    Saint Peter's University
    Date Uploaded:
    06/14/2022
    Date Modified:
    06/14/2022
    Date Created:
    Spring 2022
    Rights Statement:
    In Copyright
    Resource Type:
    Research Paper

  • Math Anxiety: Its Causes, Effects, and Support Through Effective Instruction, a Call for Research and Action

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    Description:
    The purpose of this honors thesis is to serve as a call to research and action of both experts and current and future mathematics educators. Mathematics is a complicated, abstract, and beautiful field. Math is used in everyday life, whether or not it is recognized. However, the thought of partaking in any activity involving mathematics can cause stress and anxiety. Sometimes, this occurs in the classroom, but may also happen in everyday activities. Examples include calculating a tip or calculating interest on a loan. This phenomenon has been identified as Math Anxiety. Research has been done for many years to understand this complex concept, including its causes and effects on students and adults; however, there is so much that remains unknown. This study reviews the current literature on math anxiety in the classroom, both at the K-12 and undergraduate levels, to recognize the importance of identifying math anxiety. This research will come to form a tentative action plan for educators to help alleviate math anxiety for both their students and themselves.
    Keyword:
    instruction technique, math anxiety, k-12 education, and higher education
    Subject:
    Mathematics and Education
    Creator:
    Goodman, Matthew
    Contributor:
    Dr. Jenna Cook, Thesis Advisor and Dr. John Hammett, Thesis Advisor
    Owner:
    lsquillante@saintpeters.edu
    Publisher:
    Saint Peter's University
    Date Uploaded:
    06/14/2022
    Date Modified:
    06/14/2022
    Date Created:
    Spring 2022
    Rights Statement:
    In Copyright
    Resource Type:
    Research Paper

  • Investigating Dynamical Quantum Phase Transitions in a Multiple-Qubit System

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    Description:
    We study dynamical quantum phase transitions in a two-qubit system interacting with a transverse field and a quantized bosonic environment in the context of open quantum systems. By applying the stochastic Schrödinger equation approach, the model with a spin-boson type of coupling can be solved numerically. It is observed that the dynamics of the rate function of the Loschmidt echo in a two-qubit system within a finite size of Hilbert space exhibit nonanalyticity when the direction of the transverse field coupled to the system is under a sudden quench. Moreover, we demonstrate that the memory time of the environment and the coupling strength between the system and the transverse field can jointly impact the dynamics of the rate function. We also supply a semi-classical explanation to bridge the dynamical quantum phase transitions in many-body systems and the non-Markovian dynamics of open quantum systems. We try to extend the discussion of dynamical quantum phase transitions for a general spin scheme. The Lipkin-Meshkov-Glick model is considered in studying critical dynamics and entanglement in a non-Markovian context.
    Keyword:
    spin-boson, non-Markovianity, and dynamical quantum phase transitions
    Subject:
    Physics
    Creator:
    David Dolgitzer
    Contributor:
    Dr. Debing Zeng, Thesis Advisor
    Owner:
    lsquillante@saintpeters.edu
    Publisher:
    Saint Peter's University
    Date Uploaded:
    06/14/2022
    Date Modified:
    06/14/2022
    Date Created:
    Spring 2022
    Rights Statement:
    In Copyright
    Resource Type:
    Research Paper

  • The Effects the COVID-19 Pandemic had on Right-Wing Radicalization in America

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    Description:
    Since the spring of 2020, there has been a massive cultural shift in the American political atmosphere. Many of the underlying political tensions that have been ignored have suddenly come to the forefront of American politics. Along with more mobilization of left-wing political factions, there has been a staggering rise in right-wing movements. The COVID-19 pandemic has in many ways brought to attention some of the severe inequalities our current system produces as well as its fragile state of it. The pandemic has stifled years of economic growth since the Great Recession, leading to millions losing their jobs. The pandemic itself has put a massive strain on our healthcare system and has led to hundreds of thousands of Americans dead, and many more with chronic side effects. All of us in some way have been affected by the pandemic, whether it be socially, economically, physically, or mentally. In times of societal struggle and strife, however, there are political factions that thrive on this mass anxiety and aim to use that in order to garner support for their cause. Such groups are typically aligned with right-wing extremism and white supremacy. What this paper aims to do is examine how white supremacists and right-wing extremists have adapted their propaganda and recruitment tactics to COVID-19 and took advantage of the mass anxiety that came as a result.
    Keyword:
    propaganda, COVID-19, pandemic, extremism, and fascism
    Subject:
    Political Science
    Creator:
    Mark Rotundo
    Contributor:
    Dr. Anna Brown, Thesis Advisor
    Owner:
    lsquillante@saintpeters.edu
    Publisher:
    Saint Peter's University
    Date Uploaded:
    06/14/2022
    Date Modified:
    06/14/2022
    Date Created:
    Spring 2022
    Rights Statement:
    In Copyright
    Resource Type:
    Research Paper

  • The Lived Experience of Nursing Students Learning Remotely and Transitioning to Practice During the COVID-19 Pandemic

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    Description:
    Background: The COVID-19 pandemic led to the suspension of in-person classes across the globe. As a result, the nursing schools in the United States altered their method of instruction from face-to-face to remote learning, including the in-person clinical rotations and NCLEX-RN preparation for the graduating nursing students. Objective: This qualitative research study explores the lived experience of the registered nurses who prepared for their NCLEX-RN and transitioned into professional nursing practice during the COVID-19 pandemic. Research and Methods: The researcher conducted semi-structured interviews with seven registered nurses privately through phone calls, Google Meet, or Zoom meetings through the snowball technique. In addition, the researcher used ATLAS.ti to analyze all interview transcripts. Results: Three major themes emerged from this study: concerns regarding social isolation, lack of hands-on experience, and difficult transition to hospital practice. the researcher gathered mixed responses regarding their preparation for the NCLEX-RN, with three of them arguing that remote learning had a negative impact, three discussing otherwise, and one having mixed feelings. Five out of seven participants explicitly stated their problems regarding social isolation due to lack of interaction. In addition, they all expressed their dissatisfaction with the lack of hands-on experience since the clinical rotations were suspended. Lastly, five out of seven participants explained having difficulty transitioning to hospital practice. Additional concerns were directed toward anxiety and lack of confidence, resulting from their perceptions and experiences. Conclusion: The consensus from this research study is that the participants' negative lived experience outweighed the positive ones, which inevitably led to feelings of doubt, frustration, loneliness, and uncertainty. Further research is necessary to understand the full-scale impact of the pandemic, especially in the field of nursing and nursing education.
    Keyword:
    transition, isolation, COVID-19, NCLEX-RN, clinical, and remote learning
    Subject:
    Nursing
    Creator:
    Christian Dumol
    Contributor:
    Dr. Michelle Romano, Thesis Advisor
    Owner:
    lsquillante@saintpeters.edu
    Publisher:
    Saint Peter's University
    Date Uploaded:
    06/14/2022
    Date Modified:
    06/14/2022
    Date Created:
    Spring 2022
    Rights Statement:
    In Copyright
    Resource Type:
    Research Paper

  • Sustainable Supply Chains in the Agrifood System: Exploring Circular Concepts and Solutions to Our Globalized Food Systems

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    Description:
    Food is essential to life, the foundation of our existence, and necessary for all organisms. Food and its systems of production, availability, supply, and demand play a critical role in the development, expansion, and detriment of human civilizations. While the globalization of food systems has fostered a greater variety and availability of food, its accessibility is by no means universal. In acknowledging the disconnect relating to economies of the Global North and Global South, everyone did not reap the benefits of globalizing food. The current global food system is unsustainable in all measures: socially, environmentally, and economically, as it is a primary driver of biodiversity loss, accounts for nearly one-third of greenhouse gas emissions (GHGs) (Benton, et. al, 2021), and contributes to the food waste-hunger paradox as the world produces enough food to feed every people globally simultaneously, while 811 million people remain chronically undernourished (FAO, n.d.). Additionally, as society grows more concerned about the Earth's wellbeing, further amplified by the circumstances of the current climate crisis and the lasting impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic, resiliency for our global food systems becomes increasingly prevalent to transform our current food system to become part of the solution. I will be conducting my research through the perspective lens of grocery store leaders, supply chain managers, and other experts on these specific topics and providing a thorough literature review of scholarly articles and journals that explore this concept beyond my capacity and provide appropriate applications of these sustainable initiatives and how they would manifest in transforming our current global food system. These models and concepts of a closed-loop, circular economic system in our food supply chain can be recognized as an urgent and important complement to food waste mitigation and regenerative processes that aid in our Earth's recovery from the impacts of global climate change.
    Keyword:
    circular economy, global climate change, food systems, closed-loop system, supply chain management, cradle-to-cradle, sustainability, and agri-food sector
    Subject:
    Business Administration
    Creator:
    Andrea Rosas
    Contributor:
    Dr. Marilu Marcillo, Thesis Advisor
    Owner:
    lsquillante@saintpeters.edu
    Publisher:
    Saint Peter's University
    Date Uploaded:
    06/14/2022
    Date Modified:
    06/14/2022
    Date Created:
    Spring 2022
    Rights Statement:
    In Copyright
    Resource Type:
    Research Paper

  • Trends in Foreign Direct Investment in Russia in the Period 1992-2009: A Study of the Economic, Political, and Social Determinants of FDI in the Russian Federation during the Transition to Market Economy

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    Description:
    The transition form a centrally planned to market economy in the Russian Federation has been a dynamic period in the country's development. Within the time frame 1992-2009, Russia's economy has been characterized by a marked lack of stability, high uncertainty, and insufficient transparency in the financial markets. Efforts to improve the efficiency in the manufacturing sector have been futile, as the country has had to rely primarily on its extractive sector, capitalizing on the oil and natural gas assets throughout its large territory. In addition, the legal system during the two terms of Boris Yeltsin was in stagnation, and only Vladimir Putin's reforms after 2000 achieved mediocre success in this field. The shocks in 1998 and 2008 have also exerted their impact on the Russian markets, slowing development significantly. As a result of these events, foreign direct investment in the Russian Federation has undergone dynamic changes in the past eighteen years. Despite the rapid surge in FDI in the period 2004-2007, the Global Financial Crisis has curbed its growth. Still fighting the effects of the credit crunch, Russia is currently in the process of recovery, attempting to attract a substantial number of foreign investors. In this paper, I will argue that foreign direct investment in the period 1992-2009 has been determined by a combination of economic and political factors, including trade and tariffs, GDP, inflation, the size of the market, labor costs, the fiscal balance, the exchange rate, agglomerations effects, infrastructure, and the methods of privatization. I will also contend that the global financial conditions have had a relatively minor impact on the development of FDI and the primary Factors are, in effect, endogenous. A linear regression with ordinary least squares and selected independent variables can provide a forecast for the levels of FDI in the future. In order to correct for autocorrelations, I will utilize the ARIMA approach, as well. Finally, I will provide a viable prediction for the levels of FDI in the next few years.
    Keyword:
    ARIMA, foreign direct investment, inflation, economic trends, tariffs, trade, Stolper-Samuelson Theorem, OLS, market economy, GPD, USSR, fiscal balance, and Russian Federation
    Subject:
    Economics
    Creator:
    Bletsov, Anton
    Contributor:
    Dr. Edwin Dickens, Thesis Advisor
    Owner:
    lsquillante@saintpeters.edu
    Publisher:
    Saint Peter's University
    Date Uploaded:
    06/17/2021
    Date Modified:
    06/17/2021
    Date Created:
    Spring 2010
    Rights Statement:
    In Copyright
    Resource Type:
    Research Paper

  • Profiles of Hispanic-owned Small Businesses in Urban New Jersey

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    Description:
    The purpose of this study is to investigate business practices, processes, decision-making and other characteristics of Hispanic-owned businesses in an urban area. Due to the fact that immigrant-owned businesses face unique challenges and may have differing approaches to small business management, a close examination of these businesses is an important area of research. A qualitative survey method was administered in face-to-face interviews of a small sample of Hispanic-owned businesses in Elizabeth, NJ. The survey examined the country of origin, possible inheritance, location preferences, capital, marketing, networking, involvement in the local community, struggles within the business, and successes as well as failures. While the study only looked at a small sample of businesses, several findings from these Hispanic-owned business surveys were relevant and can be explored further in a wider sample of businesses. None of the businesses in the sample claimed high success rates, but they all reported earnings were sufficient to stay open and to at least cover their family and business expenses. Although breaking even was a common trend, no one reported plans of closing the business anytime soon, which is strong indicator of the cultural background. it is apparent that profit is not the principal motive for these Hispanic business owners, and that more complex cultural and family influences affect behavior and decision making in many of these firms.
    Keyword:
    Hispanic-owned businesses, NJ businesses, small businesses, urban businesses, and immigrant-owned businesses
    Subject:
    Business Administration
    Creator:
    Mendoza, Pamela
    Contributor:
    Dr. Mary Kate Naatus, Thesis Advisor
    Owner:
    lsquillante@saintpeters.edu
    Publisher:
    Saint Peter's University
    Date Uploaded:
    06/17/2021
    Date Modified:
    06/17/2021
    Date Created:
    Spring 2012
    Rights Statement:
    In Copyright
    Resource Type:
    Research Paper

  • A Review on the Effects of Simvastatin (Zocor) and Atorvastatin (Lipitor) on Alzheimer's Disease and Vascular Dementia

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    Description:
    Dementia is a clinical syndrome known for its progressive cognitive decline and its interference with daily functioning. Multiple investigations have been designed and conducted on Alzheimer’s disease, the most common type of dementia, followed by research on vascular dementia. Statins, also known as 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase inhibitors, have been prescribed to individuals to lower LDL-cholesterol levels and to prevent or treat cardiovascular diseases. In the past decade, statins such as simvastatin and atorvastatin have exhibited pleiotropic effects in dementia treatment as these medications work to improve learning and memory abilities in mice models. Most studies designed to observe the effects of statins in reducing the risk of dementia have been performed on rodent organisms, yet, research indicates that the zebrafish, Danio rerio, is a successful model organism. The zebrafish can be utilized as a successful model to better understand the genetics, development, behavior, and reproduction of humans. Not only do zebrafish have a great ability for learning and memory functioning, but they also possess hippocampus-like structures and PSEN1 and PSEN2 genes strikingly similar to the ones found in humans with Alzheimer’s disease. In addition to this review, a suggested experiment has been designed to study two doses of simvastatin and two doses of atorvastatin in Aβ-induced zebrafish and observe how these statin types function in reducing the risk of learning and memory deficits.
    Keyword:
    Alzheimer's disease, cholesterol, atorvastatin, vascular dementia, Danio rerio, and simvastatin
    Subject:
    Biology
    Creator:
    Chacho, Chantal
    Contributor:
    Dr. Laura Twersky, Thesis Advisor
    Owner:
    lsquillante@saintpeters.edu
    Publisher:
    Saint Peter's University
    Date Uploaded:
    06/09/2021
    Date Modified:
    06/09/2021
    Date Created:
    Spring 2021
    Rights Statement:
    In Copyright
    Resource Type:
    Research Paper

  • Effects of Preservatives and Emulsifiers on the Gut Microbiome

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    Description:
    The human gut microbiome is more important to health than most people realize. It is filled with trillions of microbes ranging from fungi to bacteria and viruses. This paper focuses on preservatives and emulsifiers and the effects they have on the gut microbiome. These two food additives affect different types of bacteria differently. Emulsifiers and preservatives increased bacteria that tend to have negative effects on the body, while decreasing beneficial bacteria. This can have many different effects on the body from Crohn's disease to dysbiosis and even increase antimicrobial resistance in bacteria. This review looks to explain why preservatives and emulsifiers have such negative effects, why it is such a relevant and important topic, and alternatives to preservatives or emulsifiers, or ways to mitigate the effects of these two food additives.
    Keyword:
    preservatives, emulsifiers, additives, bacteria, gut microbiome, and microbiome
    Subject:
    Biology
    Creator:
    Kaufman, Angel
    Contributor:
    Dr. Jill Callahan, Thesis Advisor
    Owner:
    lsquillante@saintpeters.edu
    Publisher:
    Saint Peter's University
    Date Uploaded:
    06/09/2021
    Date Modified:
    06/09/2021
    Date Created:
    Spring 2021
    Rights Statement:
    In Copyright
    Resource Type:
    Research Paper

  • The Paradox of Financial Literacy: An Obstacle & Pathway to Upward Social Mobility

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    Description:
    This paper presents the case that financial literacy can promote upward social mobility and that a lack thereof contributes to growing poverty rates across the globe amongst various different population groups. In particular, this paper outlines the negative implications associated with financial illiteracy by focusing on soon-to-be-retirees, college students, beginning investors, African Americans, and women. The paper starts by providing definitions of financial literacy and social mobility. It then outlines the extent of how financially illiterate individuals across the world are. In this section, it is made evident that financial education correlated with wealth and that there are financial literacy disparities among minorities and women in society. This section also includes two surveys and a statistical interpretation of the data to demonstrate the extent of financial illiteracy amongst college students. For the surveys, one was of college students, and the other was of professionals in later stages of their careers. For both populations, the survey asked a set of questions to gauge the financial literacy of the individuals. Using a least squares regression analysis, this data suggests that age plays a role in how financially literate individuals are. Based on this information, it is concluded that older individuals are more financially literate as a result of learning from mistakes, not from formal education. After this, the paper explores the negative effects of financial illiteracy, followed by the benefits provided by financial literacy. At this point, it is concluded that financial illiteracy contributes to retirement insecurity, the growing student loan crisis, erratic trading behavior, racial and gender wealth inequality, the use of harmful loans, and poor spending decisions. It also is concluded that proper financial education can result in wealth accumulation through investing, a comfortable and potentially early retirement, healthy spending habits, individuals having a financial safety blanket, and tax savings for the federal government. Lastly, this paper offers suggestions to prevent financial illiteracy from persisting in the future, so more individuals can experience upward social mobility. The solutions suggested include the implementation of personal finance in high schools, encouraging interpersonal dialogues regarding finances, and making finance an enjoyable subject for individuals to follow.
    Keyword:
    investing, social mobility, financial literacy, poverty alleviation, stock market, personal finance, and retirement
    Subject:
    Accounting
    Creator:
    Crincoli, Anthony
    Contributor:
    Dr. Samar Issa, Thesis Advisor
    Owner:
    lsquillante@saintpeters.edu
    Publisher:
    Saint Peter's University
    Date Uploaded:
    06/09/2021
    Date Modified:
    06/09/2021
    Date Created:
    Spring 2021
    Rights Statement:
    In Copyright
    Resource Type:
    Research Paper

  • A Qualitative Study of ICU Nurse Attitudes towards Their Mental Health while Caring for COVID-19 Patients

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    Description:
    Background: The COVID-19 pandemic reached the United States in March of 2020. America quickly led the world in the number of confirmed coronavirus cases, which contributed to hospital overflow and healthcare worker burnout. Many units that were not typically equipped for such critical cases were converted into COVID units, and there was a high demand for nursing support as the virus peaked. Objective: Since this study focuses on the self perceived mental health of the participants, the objective was to gather information pertaining to the lived experiences of these ICU nurses and how they feel/felt during the course of this pandemic. Materials and method: Using snowball technique, Intensive Care Unit (ICU) nurses who worked through the entirety of the COVID-19 pandemic will be interviewed through a Zoom call. They will be asked to describe their emotions while working on the front lines of the pandemic, and how those experiences have affected their mental health and their daily lives. Results: All nine nurses agreed that working through the COVID-19 pandemic was a stressful and confusing experience. All nurses felt like they weren’t able to provide proper care to their patients at the beginning of the pandemic and they felt lost. Now, all of the nurses feel more knowledgeable and more comfortable working with COVID positive patients. Four nurses sought out psychological support for their mental health, and one nurse considered it. Coping mechanisms varied from positive and negative habits, including cooking/baking, reading, sleeping, eating, smoking, drinking, talking to family, and talking to other nurses. Conclusion: ICU nurses face a great deal of pressure on a regular basis, and the outbreak of COVID-19 contributed to that stress leading many nurses to feel burnt out. The nine nurses that were interviewed had varying degrees of coping and psychological trauma.
    Keyword:
    coronavirus, Nursing, nurse burnout, mental health, COVID-19, and intensive care unit (ICU)
    Subject:
    Nursing
    Creator:
    Almontaser, Hannah
    Contributor:
    Prof. Sandra Horvat, Thesis Advisor
    Owner:
    lsquillante@saintpeters.edu
    Publisher:
    Saint Peter's University
    Date Uploaded:
    06/09/2021
    Date Modified:
    06/09/2021
    Date Created:
    Spring 2021
    Rights Statement:
    In Copyright
    Resource Type:
    Research Paper

  • Bitcoin Exchange Traded Funds: An Overview of a Potentially Flawed Investment Vehicle

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    Description:
    Bitcoin has generated much interest from the financial community throughout its life and utilization as a crypto-currency. In the continual advancement of the market, financiers and fund managers have explored the opportunities of developing investment vehicles utilizing Bitcoin, with multiple firms competing to develop a Bitcoin Exchange Traded Fund traded in the United States. However, under much speculation, the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) has denied multiple requests for fund managers to develop a Bitcoin ETF for the financial market. The thesis essay explores the feasibility of utilizing Bitcoin in a fund investment vehicle such as a Bitcoin Exchange Traded Fund (ETF). The paper explores the qualitative and quantitative factors that may impact a Bitcoin Exchange Traded Fund and Exchange Traded Funds' history and structure and analyzing proposals by financial firms and SEC responses to those proposals, and analyzing the Bitcoin market and systemic risks. Finally, an analysis of historical data and potential market drivers is utilized to confirm claims by the financial firms and SEC. The findings indicated that Bitcoin would be challenging to generate return for fund managers. Its risk factors create extra constraints for Bitcoin funds to operate in with no signs of mitigation in the future. Moreover, the volatility and unpredictability of Bitcoin are also caused by the lack of market drivers for the fund. Essentially in its current state, its lack of remedies for its risk factors has caused Bitcoin to be unfeasible to be placed in an Exchange Traded Fund and would place financial firms and its investors at risks.
    Keyword:
    blockchain, analysis, ETF, and Bitcoin
    Subject:
    Accounting
    Creator:
    Shaw, Kagan
    Contributor:
    Dr. Devin Rafferty, Thesis Advisor
    Owner:
    lsquillante@saintpeters.edu
    Publisher:
    Saint Peter's University
    Date Uploaded:
    06/09/2021
    Date Modified:
    06/09/2021
    Date Created:
    Spring 2021
    Rights Statement:
    In Copyright
    Resource Type:
    Research Paper

  • Does your zipcode impact access to high education? What does attaining a college education mean in terms of earning potential and economic mobility over 40 years?

    37720c80s?file=thumbnail
    Description:
    This thesis aims to answer the following question, composed of two elements; How does your zipcode impact access to higher education? What does attaining a college education mean in terms of earning potential and economic mobility over 40 years? This question requires a further understanding of the factors which contribute to what is known as the achievement gap, and forces its readers to broaden their horizons when considering the components which affect a student's ability to further their education or career. Primarily concerning the foundations and backgrounds of students throughout the nation, this thesis examines studies referring to millions of students throughout the past decades from all around the country. The goal is to develop an understanding surrounding the cause and effects of students' educational and economic mobility, and diligent research leading to a deeper comprehension of the topic is the best way to accomplish this.
    Keyword:
    achievement gap, economic mobility, education, educational inequality, and Camp Catanese
    Subject:
    Business Management
    Creator:
    Handal, Andrew
    Contributor:
    Dr. Marilu Marcillo, Thesis Advisor
    Owner:
    lsquillante@saintpeters.edu
    Publisher:
    Saint Peter's University
    Date Uploaded:
    06/09/2021
    Date Modified:
    06/09/2021
    Date Created:
    Spring 2021
    Rights Statement:
    In Copyright
    Resource Type:
    Research Paper

  • The Winning Goal: A Fight for Equal Pay in the Soccer Industry

    9w0323110?file=thumbnail
    Description:
    Gender and pay have been linked across all types of industries. This thesis will explore the gender pay gap in the sports industry with a specific concentration in the sport of soccer, which is known as football outside the United States. A comparison between the United States National Soccer Team for men and women will be used to argue the causes and effects of a gender pay gap. With the use of research and interviews, this thesis will explain how the gender pay gap affects female athletes. Men and women in the soccer industry play the same sport, yet face a discrepancy in their earnings. This discrepancy continues to exist even after many fights against gender inequality throughout the world. Many countries throughout the world have been able to reach a equal pay agreement for their national soccer teams. Meanwhile, other countries are on the road to implementing equal pay agreements. The countries that have been able to reach an equal pay agreement will be used to carefully analyze how such countries were able to reach an agreement. With the comparison between foreign countries and the United States based on gender equity pay in the sports industry, this thesis will conclude whether or not the gender pay gap can be narrowed, or even resolved. Based on the findings, this thesis will provide a possible solution to diminish the gap with the use of marketing techniques.
    Keyword:
    marketing, gender equity, endorsements, women's sports, equal pay, and advertisement
    Subject:
    Business Management
    Creator:
    Munoz-Tepan, Cinthya
    Contributor:
    Dr. Marilu Marcillo, Thesis Advisor
    Owner:
    lsquillante@saintpeters.edu
    Publisher:
    Saint Peter's University
    Date Uploaded:
    06/09/2021
    Date Modified:
    06/09/2021
    Date Created:
    Spring 2021
    Rights Statement:
    In Copyright
    Resource Type:
    Research Paper

  • COVID-19: Comparing the National Responses of New Zealand and the United States Using a Keynesian Analysis

    Cf95jb516?file=thumbnail
    Description:
    This paper investigates whether there is a link between a nation's response to covid-19 and their current/future economic position. It uses New Zealand and the United States as case studies, and has the initial position that, since New Zealand had a more effective response to covid-19 and was able to control the virus at an earlier stage, then they should be in a better economic position, not only currently, but for the future. This is based on the key Keynesian principles of uncertainty, confidence, and investment. However, even though New Zealand has eliminated the virus and been able to completely open the country, compared to the United States, which is still in a battle with covid-19, the current economic data does not support the initial thesis. This could be due to either the economic data yet reflecting New Zealand's success, or the key Keynesian principle of irrationality. A follow up study in the future will be required to tell whether the initial thesis is correct.
    Keyword:
    New Zealand, crisis response, healthcare, United States, COVID-19, economic response, lockdown, pandemic, and Keynes
    Subject:
    Economics
    Creator:
    Moore, Anton
    Contributor:
    Dr. Devin Rafferty, Thesis Advisor
    Owner:
    lsquillante@saintpeters.edu
    Publisher:
    Saint Peter's University
    Date Uploaded:
    06/09/2021
    Date Modified:
    06/09/2021
    Date Created:
    Spring 2021
    Rights Statement:
    In Copyright
    Resource Type:
    Research Paper

  • Problematizing intuitive universals in socioscientific reasoning: using strategic meta-epistemic reasoning practices to link a larger set of science ideas and context across multiple levels

    J9602064p?file=thumbnail
    Description:
    This study focuses on scientific literacy and how we can extend our findings from our previous work on socioscientific engagement, where Meta-Epistemic Reasoning Practices (MERPs) are defined as a situated epistemic resource model that indicates that participants may be shifting between aims, ideals, and reliable processes (AIR model) as they work through a situation. Since MERPs could interact on the domain-general strategic knowledge for mechanistic reasoning, we decided to focus on epistemic heuristics for mechanistic reasoning, how these can be applied with the use of MERPs, and with the science ideas citizens used to construct a mechanism to evaluate contextual relevance of an authentic SSI. WE conducted interviews with 7 members of a town that had recently experienced hurricane-induced flooding. Participants included activists, policy makers, planners, scientists, and infrastructural managers, rather than students in order to explore diversity. We included "levels," like levels of description, to characterize a system, as well as the analysis of science-related ideas for mechanistic reasoning of each participant. WE found that participants used a combination of science and situational knowledge for evaluating causal propositions, that MERPs guide the use of a diverse set of aims and ideals, and that different individuals integrate different science ideas, where together the community rises to a more sophisticated evaluation of the SSI proposal. By studying the real world we aim to incorporate constructive civic engagement into the classrooms, and empower the next generation of citizens, not only future scientists.
    Keyword:
    mechanistic reasoning, socioscientific issues, levels thinking, complex systems, epistemic heuristics, and socioscientific reasoning
    Subject:
    Biology
    Creator:
    Infante, Masiel Carolina
    Contributor:
    Dr. John Ruppert, Thesis Advisor
    Owner:
    lsquillante@saintpeters.edu
    Publisher:
    Saint Peter's University
    Date Uploaded:
    06/09/2021
    Date Modified:
    06/09/2021
    Date Created:
    Spring 2021
    Rights Statement:
    In Copyright
    Resource Type:
    Research Paper

  • A Study on the Audit Busy Season: Manager and Employee Perspective and Retention Rates

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    Description:
    The audit busy season is notorious for the long hours needed by audit employees, and the tremendous amount of work and effort is given to complete an audit on time. The thesis seeks to explain the manager and employee perspective of the audit busy season and examine the practice's turnover rate. The study wants to analyze the effects the busy season has on audit employees. Employee turnover rates are at 10.7% as of 2018 (Nickerson and Hall). Are more audit associates switching from public to private accounting? The thesis wants to dive into the employee and employer's perspective and analyze why turnover is high. The thesis also wants to give insight to students who are looking to start a career in accounting.
    Keyword:
    audit, accounting, busy season, and negative impact
    Subject:
    Accounting
    Creator:
    Ventura, Keven
    Contributor:
    Prof. Brigid D'Souza, Thesis Advisor
    Owner:
    lsquillante@saintpeters.edu
    Publisher:
    Saint Peter's University
    Date Uploaded:
    06/09/2021
    Date Modified:
    06/09/2021
    Date Created:
    Spring 2021
    Rights Statement:
    In Copyright
    Resource Type:
    Research Paper

  • How Corporations Can Utilize the Tax Code to Better Their Community

    Gh93gz52t?file=thumbnail
    Description:
    Oftentimes, when the topic of taxes is discussed, it is opined that the rich and businesses, "never paid taxes," which certainly does not help the community in any way. Indeed, this is not usually the case; and in fact, I will be presenting the case on how businesses can have both a benefit of lowering their own tax liability while at the same time helping their community by utilizing the 6 general business tax credits offered to them by the tax code. Utilizing these tax credits does not only help lower their tax liability but also raises their social responsibility to their community! The tax credits to be discussed are going to revive the community by employing targeted groups of individuals who have consistently faced significant barriers to employment along with helping them with retirement by building new establishments, or facilities, or both for the community to use, and the environment by reducing the carbon footprint of the community.
    Keyword:
    TCJA, work opportunity tax credit, tax, tax credits, pension plans, and accounting
    Subject:
    Accounting
    Creator:
    Sadek, Nicolas
    Contributor:
    Lori Buza, J.D., Thesis Advisor
    Owner:
    lsquillante@saintpeters.edu
    Publisher:
    Saint Peter's University
    Date Uploaded:
    06/09/2021
    Date Modified:
    06/09/2021
    Date Created:
    Spring 2021
    Rights Statement:
    In Copyright
    Resource Type:
    Research Paper

  • Writing, Religion, Relativism, and Sin in the Renaissance works Lazarillo de Tormes and Le Grand testment of Francois Villon

    S1784k767?file=thumbnail
    Description:
    The focus of this thesis is an analysis of two Western-European literary works that come from the late Medieval to early Renaissance period: the anonymous Spanish novel "Lazarillo de Tormes" and the poetic work "Le Grand testament" by Francois Villon. The purpose of this thesis is to give an insight into the period in which they fall and show how they exemplify four distinctive characteristics of this period's history. The four features are: the nature of writing, critiques of religion, moral relativism and blame, and a focus on death. After demonstrating this, I give a short conclusion about the value of these works and what we can take away from them.
    Keyword:
    French, history, literature, Renaissance, Medieval, and Spanish
    Subject:
    Modern and Classical Languages and Literatures
    Creator:
    Machin, Andres DeJesus, Jr.
    Contributor:
    Dr. Mark DeStephano, Thesis Advisor
    Owner:
    lsquillante@saintpeters.edu
    Publisher:
    Saint Peter's University
    Date Uploaded:
    06/09/2021
    Date Modified:
    06/09/2021
    Date Created:
    Spring 2021
    Rights Statement:
    In Copyright
    Resource Type:
    Research Paper

  • A Heightened Scrutiny for Sexual Orientation under the Equal Protection Clause

    Kk91fk56f?file=thumbnail
    Description:
    Equality was explicitly written in the Fourteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution, promising equal treatment. Even though many states recognize lesbians, gays, and bisexuals' rights, LGB individuals across the country still remain vulnerable due to minimal judicial scrutiny. The article will explore the Equal Protection Clause of the Fourteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution, the three standards of judicial review established by the Supreme Court, and analyze how they pertain to sexual orientation. This article further argues that sexual orientation meets all the Supreme Court's requirements for suspect classification. Accordingly, the Supreme Court should use the highest level of judicial review over LGB challenges and in order to protect the rights of the LGB individuals because these individuals belong to a discrete and insular minority with a long history of discrimination and political powerlessness. Sexual orientation further displayed immutable characteristics that are irrelevant to an individual's ability to participate and contribute to society. This thesis will only discuss sexual orientation, which is an enduring pattern of romantic or sexual attractive toward a person. The term "LGB individuals/community" refers to all sexual orientation -- including gay, lesbian, bisexual, pansexual, and several others.
    Keyword:
    sexual orientation, equality, immutability, discrete and minority, equal protection, law, discrimination, strict scrutiny, politically powerless, and LGB
    Subject:
    Business Law
    Creator:
    Ngoc Pham, Evelynn
    Contributor:
    Lori Buza, J.D., Thesis Advisor
    Owner:
    lsquillante@saintpeters.edu
    Publisher:
    Saint Peter's University
    Date Uploaded:
    06/09/2021
    Date Modified:
    06/09/2021
    Date Created:
    Spring 2021
    Rights Statement:
    In Copyright
    Resource Type:
    Research Paper

  • Moving on from the Pauw Wow: How Five Women of Color Made Change Happen

    Zc77sq12h?file=thumbnail
    Description:
    For the past seven months, the women of Students for Peace and Justice have been committed to changing the newspaper's name. The following narrative, reflection and analysis is our story. I felt the need to write about our journey as organizers fighting for change. Furthermore, I wanted to write about how we as student organizers, who are also women of color, experience microaggressions, infantilization, and insecurities as we worked with other communities on campus. To resist our efforts from being invalidated and discredited, I have been documenting our work since August 2020. We first researched and presented the principal reasons why we had to change the newspaper's name. The "Pauw Wow" is a historical reference to the enslaver and settler-colonialist Sir Michiel Pauw, the Dutch mayor and administrator for Dutch West India Company who colonized parts of New Netherlands and directed the Company to import enslaved Africans from the colony of Brazil. The name itself is also an inexcusable example of cultural appropriation -- a covert example of white supremacy. For Saint Peter's University, which grounds itself in teaching its students to be "men and women for others," the active remembrance of Michiel Pauw through the "Pauw Wow" erases genocide, land theft, and the enslavement of African peoples throughout the beginnings of colonial America. But most importantly, it was our work and our names that deserve to be recorded. This paper will credit the women who were behind this name change: myself and four other women of color were behind this fight and wanted to be recognized. And in due course, this paper will also serve to document this decisive moment in Saint Peter's University history.
    Keyword:
    student organizing, newspaper, Saint Peter's University, women of color, solidarity, Pauw Wow, and activism
    Subject:
    Social Justice
    Creator:
    Armas, Desiree M.
    Contributor:
    Dr. Anna Brown, Thesis Advisor
    Owner:
    lsquillante@saintpeters.edu
    Publisher:
    Saint Peter's University
    Date Uploaded:
    06/09/2021
    Date Modified:
    06/09/2021
    Date Created:
    Spring 2021
    Rights Statement:
    In Copyright
    Resource Type:
    Research Paper

  • A review of the possible protective effects and antioxidative mechanisms of melatonin and vitamin D against BPA-induced thyroid toxicity

    Qb98mf51q?file=thumbnail
    Description:
    Hyperthyroidism is a pathological disorder caused by the excess production of thyroid hormones triiodothyronine (T3) and thyroxine (T4) in the thyroid gland, inducing oxidative stress. Bisphenol A (BPA), one of the most manufactured substances worldwide, is primarily used in the production of polycarbonate and epoxy resins found in plastics. It is widely studied because of its teratogenic and endocrine-disrupting potential. It causes thyroid hormones and reactive oxygen species (ROS) to increase by its inhibition mechanism, leading to thyroid toxicity. Studies show that some products can have protective effects against BPA exposure. Both melatonin and vitamin D are known for their antioxidant properties and homeostatic functioning of the mitochondria by reducing ROS production. This means that a possible synergistic relationship between melatonin and vitamin D could ameliorate the effects of BPA-induced thyroid toxicity. The purpose of this study is to review the effects of oxidative stress on the thyroid caused by BPA and the possible protective effects and antioxidant mechanisms of melatonin and vitamin D against BPA-induced thyroid toxicity.
    Keyword:
    melatonin, hyperthyroidism, thyroid hormones, Bisphenol A (BPA), oxidative stress, and vitamin D
    Subject:
    Biology
    Creator:
    Lopez Jimenez, Yaidelis
    Contributor:
    Dr. Christina Mortellaro, Thesis Advisor
    Owner:
    lsquillante@saintpeters.edu
    Publisher:
    Saint Peter's University
    Date Uploaded:
    06/09/2021
    Date Modified:
    06/09/2021
    Date Created:
    Spring 2021
    Rights Statement:
    In Copyright
    Resource Type:
    Research Paper

  • Democractic or Despotic? Police Violence against Protest Movements in the United States and Palestine

    Dn39x1578?file=thumbnail
    Description:
    In 2014, Palestinians in Gaza tweeted protesters in Ferguson advice on how to deal with tear gas. These Tweets gained worldwide attention. Black Americans, living in democratic America, were being tear-gassed just like Palestinians living under military occupation. Studies have focused on the interaction between protesters and police, the agents shooting the tear gas. Some have paid particular attention to police brutality, while others have focused on the actions of protestors. This paper focuses on the increasingly militarized tactics and tools police utilize in Palestine and the United States to control and contain protests. Through a comparative lens, this paper explores the ways in which the violence that results from the use of so-called "non-lethal" tools reveals a colonial mindset and reality that continues to the present.
    Keyword:
    Palestine, protest, militarization, colonialism, police violence, and non-lethal force
    Subject:
    History
    Creator:
    Abuali, Gineen
    Contributor:
    Dr. David Gerlach, Thesis Advisor
    Owner:
    lsquillante@saintpeters.edu
    Publisher:
    Saint Peter's University
    Date Uploaded:
    06/09/2021
    Date Modified:
    06/09/2021
    Date Created:
    Spring 2021
    Rights Statement:
    In Copyright
    Resource Type:
    Research Paper

  • Reading Petrofiction for Empire: Hegemoney's Dissolution Through Oil-Powered Mastery

    Z603qx43s?file=thumbnail
    Description:
    This thesis contemplates the sustainability if the United States' heavy economic dependence on oil, which procures its global hegemony, through analyzing Abdul Rahman Munif's "Cities of Salt" and Omar El Akkad's "American War" sequentially. Sustainability is used to assess U.S. militance as well as the environmental and economic consequences of American oil dependence. Munif's "Cities of Salt' accounts the conflation of capitalism and militance in petrostates through the introduction of American oil companies in Saudi Arabia during the twentieth century. The oil-based partnership between the United States and Saudi Arabia solidified American presence in the Middle East and enabled the U.S. to assert its oil agenda. Analyzing Omar El Akkad's "American War" as an inversion of the current world order permits the censure of American oil policy and alludes to the decline of American hegemony amid the rise of alternative energy.
    Keyword:
    hegemony, petrofiction, energy, and oil
    Subject:
    World Literature and English
    Creator:
    Kita, Natalie
    Contributor:
    Dr. Michael Walonen, Thesis Advisor
    Owner:
    lsquillante@saintpeters.edu
    Publisher:
    Saint Peter's University
    Date Uploaded:
    06/09/2021
    Date Modified:
    06/09/2021
    Date Created:
    Spring 2021
    Rights Statement:
    In Copyright
    Resource Type:
    Research Paper

  • Why Is There a Lack of Diversity at the Partnership Level in Accounting Firms?

    Wm117p053?file=thumbnail
    Description:
    Diversity is an important aspect of the workplace, but there is a discrepancy between leadership and entry-level employees in the accounting field. People do not have the proper mentors, encouragement, clients, or resources to move up at accounting firms. My thesis seeks to understand this issues by gathering data and proposing solutions. With the research conducted, there were many statistically significant results supporting the hypothesis that the above factors contribute to lack of diversity at the partnership level. Firms can help resolve these issues by fostering diverse talent, investing further into diversity initiatives, and changing accounting's reputation. Covid-19 has also had a significant impact on diversity, and companies should be mindful of this factor and try to keep the momentum going on their programs. Accountants need to realize that partnership is attainable and should be encouraged.
    Keyword:
    workplace environment, accounting, diversity, and public accounting
    Subject:
    Accounting
    Creator:
    Ahmad, Zaheerah
    Contributor:
    Philip Sookram, CPA, MAcc, Thesis Advisor
    Owner:
    lsquillante@saintpeters.edu
    Publisher:
    Saint Peter's University
    Date Uploaded:
    06/09/2021
    Date Modified:
    06/09/2021
    Date Created:
    Spring 2021
    Rights Statement:
    In Copyright
    Resource Type:
    Research Paper

  • Diversity in Young Adult Literature

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    Description:
    The issue of diversity in literature is one of the utmost importance. However, it is only after recent developments that publishers and consumers are seeking fair representation in their books. The focus on diversity is a product of social equity -- or rather, a lack thereof -- around the world. Unjust practices against marginalized groups are not new but the hyper-awareness of these atrocities are. Social media platforms and other digital spaces allow people to post, share, and interact with other people they may not otherwise. In 2015, NCTE (The National Council of Teachers in English) called for the immediate expansion of diversity in children and young adult literature. The resolution followed an assessment of the Cooperative Children's Book Center and their 2014 statistics on diversity in literature: "The absence of human, cultural, linguistic, and family diversity in children's and young adult literature attests to the growing disparity and inequity in the publishing history in the United States... Lived experiences across human cultures including realities about appearance, behavior, economic circumstance, gender, national origin, social class, spiritual belief, weight, life, and thought matter," (NCTE, 2015). Despite the call to action, there are still less than 4,000 books by or about people of color on the market (Cooperative Children's Book Center, 2020). From the fall of 2020 to the spring of 2021, a series of surveys and interviews were conducted to measure the difference in character representation in Young Adult literature and how the formation of such characters impact readers when they are young. The surveys allowed the researcher to determine how frequently participants read as children, their favorite books, the types of books they read, what components of character relation resonate with the subjects the most, and what criteria must be considered for a novel and its protagonist to be considered "good." The results of the study demonstrated that YA fiction is based on predominantly white and heterosexual protagonists. There were moderate correlations between ethnicity and reading habits, the shared experiences of readers and their protagonists, and varying differences between older and young participants. The study concluded that there has been a significant development in diversification in young adult literature during the past ten years.
    Keyword:
    YA literature, diversity, representation, and young adult literature
    Subject:
    Communication and Media Culture
    Creator:
    Bell, Rickea
    Contributor:
    Dr. Cynthia Walker, Thesis Advisor
    Owner:
    lsquillante@saintpeters.edu
    Publisher:
    Saint Peter's University
    Date Uploaded:
    06/09/2021
    Date Modified:
    06/09/2021
    Date Created:
    Spring 2021
    Rights Statement:
    In Copyright
    Resource Type:
    Research Paper

  • Democracy Building in the Asian Miracle: Political and Economic Development in South Korea and Taiwan

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    Description:
    This paper examines the extent to which democratization in South Korea and Taiwan was influenced by economic development and vice versa, focusing on the 1960s to 1990s, when the so-called “Asian Miracle” was taking place. It compares the two countries’ respective economic and political journeys from developing to developed nations, and posits that the authoritarian regimes that were in place during the beginning of the Asian Miracle facilitated rapid economic growth, yet the urbanization and education of labor forces eventually led to the downfall of said authoritarian regimes. This paper also looks at conditions common to the two countries, such as United States military and economic aid, Confucian values, former Japanese colonization and devastating wars that forced economies to begin almost from scratch, and how these shaped South Korea and Taiwan’s political and economic development. It then lays out areas for further improvement in both countries’ democratization processes.
    Keyword:
    Taiwan, South Korea, and democratization
    Subject:
    Asian Studies
    Creator:
    Severino, Mia Rhodora
    Owner:
    lsquillante@saintpeters.edu
    Publisher:
    Saint Peter's University
    Date Uploaded:
    10/20/2020
    Date Modified:
    10/20/2020
    Date Created:
    Spring 2011
    Rights Statement:
    In Copyright
    Resource Type:
    Research Paper

  • Brams' Theory of Moves and the Dynamic Aspects of Game Theory

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    Description:
    Game theory is used in a wide variety of applications. It is most notably used in economics but also has widespread applications in politics and biology. In this paper, we will only look at the economic and political applications of game theory in general and Steven J. Brams’ Theory of Moves (TOM) in particular. Brams uses numerous examples from politics, economics, and religion to illustrate the compatibility of TOM in real life issues as compared to the standard game theory. We will refer to these examples when appropriate. In the succeeding paragraphs and in other sections of this paper, we discuss how game theory, especially in its dynamic form, can be used to model real life situations.
    Keyword:
    Airbus-Boeing Conflict, China-Japan Conflict, Greek financial crisis (2011), theory of moves (TOM), Diaoyu Islands, and game theory
    Subject:
    Mathematics
    Creator:
    Adhikari, Samik
    Contributor:
    Dr. Brian Hopkins, Thesis Advisor
    Owner:
    lsquillante@saintpeters.edu
    Publisher:
    Saint Peter's University
    Date Uploaded:
    10/20/2020
    Date Modified:
    10/20/2020
    Date Created:
    Spring 2011
    Rights Statement:
    In Copyright
    Resource Type:
    Research Paper

  • Public Health in Post-Conflict Societies: Why Cote d’Ivoire Remained Ebola-Free in the 2014 Epidemic

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    Keyword:
    West Africa, Ebola, epidemics, and global health policy
    Subject:
    Political Science
    Creator:
    Ragheb, Susan A.
    Contributor:
    Dr. Anna Brown, Thesis Advisor
    Owner:
    lsquillante@saintpeters.edu
    Publisher:
    Saint Peter's University
    Date Uploaded:
    10/14/2020
    Date Modified:
    10/14/2020
    Date Created:
    April 2016
    Rights Statement:
    In Copyright
    Resource Type:
    Research Paper

  • Experimentation and Modeling of Self-Organization in Cathode Boundary Layer Discharge in Noble Gas

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    Description:
    Self organized pattern formation (or self organization) of microplasma in Cathode Boundary Layer Discharge is a phenomenon first seen in high purity Xenon (Xe) gas by research group led by Schoenbach at Old Dominion University [1]. Attempts by same research group to obtain similar results in other noble gases such as Krypton and Argon had failed. However, simulations performed by Pedro et. al. using COMSOL® suggested possibility of self-organization in Krypton as well as other noble gases at higher pressure [2]. Many competing models for the process of self organization were proposed [12] . At our laboratory, we have focused particularly in understanding the phenomenon of self-organization by gathering more data. Data were typically gathered by planar reactor structure in the pressure range between 50 Torr and 200 Torr, and such the results were used to evaluate the different competing models. In doing so, our experimental finding have verified some of the claims made in simulation by Pedro et. al. This includes the reporting of missing mode: the ring structure, which had not been previously observed, and the modes of structures leading up to ring structure [9]. Besides, self-organization was observed in Krypton and was found to be equivalent to the ones seen in Xenon [2] as suggested by the model. While Molybdenum was primarily used as the cathode material, cathode materials such as Aluminum, Hafnium, Tungsten, Silver, Steel, Nickel, Titanium, Zinc and Copper were also tested. In addition, different reactor design, dielectric material, anode material and hole design were studied. In characterizing the plasma, the electrical properties of plasma were studied which included Current Voltage Curve (CVC), and Current Density Voltage Curve (CDVC). Additionally, optical emission spectrum of plasma were taken and studied carefully.
    Keyword:
    krypton, plasma, and ring structure
    Subject:
    Applied Science and Technology
    Creator:
    Niraula, Prajwal
    Contributor:
    Dr. WeiDong Zhu, Thesis Advisor
    Owner:
    lsquillante@saintpeters.edu
    Publisher:
    Saint Peter's University
    Date Uploaded:
    10/14/2020
    Date Modified:
    10/14/2020
    Date Created:
    April 2015
    Rights Statement:
    In Copyright
    Resource Type:
    Research Paper

  • God's Number and the Robotic Turn Metric

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    Description:
    Since the invention of the Rubik’s cube in the 1970s, mathematicians have been captivated with finding out the maximum number of moves needed to solve the Rubik’s cube optimally from any of the cube’s approximately 43 trillion possible positions. This value, known as God’s number, depends on the metric, which is the set of allowed moves. This thesis proposes a new “robotic turn metric” based on allowing antipodal faces of the cube to be turned simultaneously. Although human solvers cannot easily accomplish such moves, they are used by various robotic cube solvers, thus the name. We explore lower and upper bounds for God’s number in this metric and how it compares to God’s number in the Face Turn Metric and Quarter Turn Metric.
    Keyword:
    computing methodologies and symbolic manipulation
    Subject:
    Mathematics
    Creator:
    Hollingsworth, Nykosi
    Contributor:
    Dr. Brian Hopkins, Thesis Advisor
    Owner:
    lsquillante@saintpeters.edu
    Publisher:
    Saint Peter's University
    Date Uploaded:
    10/14/2020
    Date Modified:
    10/14/2020
    Date Created:
    April 28, 2015
    Rights Statement:
    In Copyright
    Resource Type:
    Research Paper

  • QUANTIFICATION OF MICROSCOPIC ZOOXANTHELLAE ALGAE EXPULSION AFTER INCREASED TEMPERATURE BY CANDY CANE CORAL, Caulastrea furcata

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    Description:
    Since the early 1980s, intense coral bleaching events have yielded increasingly expansive coral reef ecosystems devoid of recovery. Commonly distinguished as the “rainforest of the sea,” the biodiversity of coral reef ecosystems is unparalleled by any other marine ecosystem. Recent global changes—primarily increased sea surface temperature (SST)—have threatened the continued prosperity of corals, thereby threatening the innumerable lives of organisms depending on reefs. Efforts to protect coral reefs have been initiated, yet questions still remain: exactly how much of the mutualistic dinoflagellate algae dwelling within coral tissue are expelled from the first encounter of environmental stress? This study focuses on imposing stress-inducing temperature change to candy cane corals, Caulastrea furcata, from an ideal water temperature of 27ºC to elevated levels of 29 ºC and 30 ºC, in the span of two days. After the corals experienced these higher temperatures, they were immediately reverted to ideal conditions. The corals were monitored over the course of several weeks to determine the degree to which recovery was made. The change in zooxanthellae density was determined from multiple extraction periods and coral color was categorized via the Siebeck et al. Color Reference Card. Results indicated that the corals experiencing 29 ºC had better recovery than 30 ºC, and that more than half of the algae were expelled in immediate response to this thermal stress.
    Keyword:
    symbiosis, marine ecology, coral reefs, and algae
    Subject:
    Biology
    Creator:
    Staiger, Nathalie Danielle
    Contributor:
    Dr. Frances Raleigh, Thesis Advisor
    Owner:
    lsquillante@saintpeters.edu
    Publisher:
    Saint Peter's University
    Date Uploaded:
    10/14/2020
    Date Modified:
    10/14/2020
    Date Created:
    May 11, 2015
    Rights Statement:
    In Copyright
    Resource Type:
    Research Paper

  • Fan Practices and Doctor Who: "Nu Who," Fan Works, and Shipping

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    Description:
    With the advent of the Internet and the continually shifting state of digital technology, simply and concretely defining “fans” and “fandom” proves a somewhat daunting task. Accordingly, the complexity and uniqueness of the British science fiction series Doctor Who does little to ease this challenge. Followings its 2005 revival, a new influx of fans suddenly appeared alongside time-tested fans of the program’s original run, and if defining the fandom itself proves difficult for its diversity, observing the divide between old Who and “Nu Who” does not. Hadas (2009) has written much on old fandom’s transition to the Internet, but these newer fans have utilized the Internet throughout their entire fan experience, both to supplement old practices and to engage in new ones. Therefore, through two surveys handed out at New York Comic Con, at Saint Peter’s University, through snowball sampling, and via Tumblr, this study focuses primarily on those new fans and the practices in which they engage to examine what differences, if any, exist along gender lines and age lines. What emerges is a group of individuals who identify as strong Doctor Who fans but who do not necessarily engage in traditional fan practices, such as fan fiction writing. They do, however, engage passively in new ways through the Internet, allowing fan content to find them rather than actively searching for it. Perhaps they are fans without a fandom—a picture of the mainstream audience entering more traditionally “fannnish” culture through new media and examined through the lens of Rogers (2003) diffusion of innovations.
    Keyword:
    social networks, science fiction, forecasts and trends, and fandom
    Subject:
    Communication and Media Culture
    Creator:
    Holowienka, Matthew Raymond
    Contributor:
    Dr. Cynthia Walker, Thesis Advisor
    Owner:
    lsquillante@saintpeters.edu
    Publisher:
    Saint Peter's University
    Date Uploaded:
    10/14/2020
    Date Modified:
    10/14/2020
    Date Created:
    May 6, 2015
    Rights Statement:
    In Copyright
    Resource Type:
    Research Paper

  • The Effects of the Great Recession and the Implications on the Insurance Market

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    Description:
    My thesis investigated the life insurance industry prior to the financial crisis, as well as the vulnerabilities of the industry post-crisis. My studies have collectively affirmed that significant risks still remain and may pose detrimental effects to life insurers, perhaps forcing them to face insolvency if these risks occur together. Vulnerabilities, such as longevity risk, the interest rate environment, guarantees, and regulatory shortfalls, during the post-criss period have been largely overlooked. With lifespans increasing and interest rates remaining at unprecedented low levels, the life insurance market is exceptionally vulnerable and must be carefully evaluated with respect to its susceptibilities and investment approaches. As life insurance companies assume more risk, their derisking strategies, such as the use of reinsurance captives, are also associated with risks that are not well understood. Further research is necessary to analyze the performances of life insurers that are greatly intertwined with the banking industry and have heavily invested in securitization products.
    Keyword:
    2008 financial crisis, finance -- United States, and life insurance
    Subject:
    Economics
    Creator:
    Ruggirello, Jamie
    Contributor:
    Dr. Matthew Fung, Thesis Advisor
    Owner:
    lsquillante@saintpeters.edu
    Publisher:
    Saint Peter's University
    Date Uploaded:
    10/14/2020
    Date Modified:
    10/14/2020
    Date Created:
    March 23, 2015
    Rights Statement:
    In Copyright
    Resource Type:
    Research Paper

  • The Effects of Extra Virgin Olive Oil and Virgin Coconut Oil based soaps on Staphylococcus aureus Biofilms

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    Description:
    Staphylococcus aureus is the cause of a variety of infections that range from mild to severe. It is a bacterium that can interfere with the proper functions of the respiratory muscles and be fatal. It is the cause of various diseases ranging from abscesses to toxic shock syndrome. Many strains of S. aureus have exhibited antibiotic resistance and the antibiotics that are currently in the market have severe side effects. Hence we sought to understand natural treatments, as opposed to artificial treatments, to inhibit S. aureus biofilm formation. This may lead to the rescuing of lives, as S. aureus biofilm formation is a key virulence factor of this pathogen. By examining effective dosage levels of olive and coconut oil-based soaps to inhibit biofilm formation, this investigation seeks to find natural remedies for S. aureus infections. A standard crystal violet assay was used to test the antibacterial activities of the agents, extra virgin olive & coconut oil-based soaps. Even though there was skewing of results due to contamination of the wells, the overall trend supports our hypothesis that the agents possess antimicrobial properties that inhibit S. aureus biofilm formation. We have also found that the threshold value of agents for inhibition of S.aureus biofilm formation lies between 0.1% and 0.01%. More diluted concentrations of those agents are not as effective against S. aureus biofilms.
    Keyword:
    bacteria, Antimicrobial agents, oils, and fats
    Subject:
    Biology
    Creator:
    Elkattawy, Sherif
    Contributor:
    Dr. Jill Calahan, Thesis Advisor
    Owner:
    lsquillante@saintpeters.edu
    Publisher:
    Saint Peter's University
    Date Uploaded:
    10/14/2020
    Date Modified:
    10/14/2020
    Date Created:
    May 4, 2015
    Rights Statement:
    In Copyright
    Resource Type:
    Research Paper

  • Serial Killers: Capital Punishment for the Most Evil Crimes

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    Description:
    According to our criminal justice system, criminals should receive penalties that are proportionate to the severity of their crimes. Because serial killers commit the most bizarre and hideous crimes, they should receive the ultimate punishment according to this principle. However, not all serial killers get arrested since they carefully plan out their crimes. Those that get arrested and charged with murder do not always receive death sentences. The purpose of this research paper is to investigate and inform about the nature of serial murder and its punishments by using qualitative data from existing documents and surveys. Based on psychological and legal analysis of serial murders, this thesis provides reasons supporting and opposing the death penalty in serial murder cases.
    Keyword:
    death penalty, murder convictions, sentencing, and morality
    Subject:
    Criminal Justice
    Creator:
    Vasquez, Sthefani
    Contributor:
    Hon. Kevin G. Callahan, JSC (ret) JD, Thesis Advisor
    Owner:
    lsquillante@saintpeters.edu
    Publisher:
    Saint Peter's University
    Date Uploaded:
    10/14/2020
    Date Modified:
    10/14/2020
    Date Created:
    Spring 2013
    Rights Statement:
    In Copyright
    Resource Type:
    Research Paper

  • Chemical Fingerprinting in Forensic Science

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    Description:
    The evolving field of forensic science continues to incorporate new technologies and new procedures with the passing of time. As our scientific knowledge expands, we seek to apply this knowledge for the general improvement of society, in whatever ways that we can. The criminal justice system greatly benefits from scientific progress, primarily because science can assist in the justice system's search for truth in the courts. However, merely developing the method is not enough; new forensic methods must be carefully tested and evaluated before they can be introduced into the courts. Law enforcement and attorneys must become familiar with the theory and limitations of the new practice, and the technology to perform the analyses must be distributed and operated in forensic laboratories. This paper attempts to review and examine one potential aid to forensic science, the ability to use mass spectrometry methods to obtain a chemical fingerprint of collected evidence. Following an overview of the aims of chemical fingerprinting and trace evidence, the MS methods in question are explained in detail. Afterwards, their capacity to analyze forensic evidence will be reviewed briefly, and some potential shortcomings of the science are explored. Third, the technique's ability to be applied to forensic issues will be examined from the perspective of law enforcement and forensic laboratories. Finally, some concerns about the courtroom presentation and reception of the results will be discussed.
    Keyword:
    trace evidence and mass spectrometry
    Subject:
    Chemistry
    Creator:
    Block, Sean Thomas
    Contributor:
    Dr. Patricia Redden, Thesis Advisor
    Owner:
    lsquillante@saintpeters.edu
    Publisher:
    Saint Peter's University
    Date Uploaded:
    10/14/2020
    Date Modified:
    10/14/2020
    Date Created:
    Spring 2013
    Rights Statement:
    In Copyright
    Resource Type:
    Research Paper

  • MYTH AND TRUTH IN J.R.R. TOLKIEN'S MIDDLE-EARTH LEGENDARIUM

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    Description:
    It is the purpose of this thesis to explore the "Truths" that exist in J.R.R. Tolkien's Middle-earth Legendarium. The first chapter will examine the creation myth of Middle-earth, in which Tolkien's understanding of God and other spiritual matters is most clearly revealed. The second chapter will examine the heroes and villains of Middle-earth, through which Tolkien illustrates his view of good and evil. The third chapter will examine the concept of death in Tolkien's stories, in order to identify Tolkien's beliefs about death and the afterlife. Ultimately, the goal of this thesis is to illuminate how the myths of Tolkien's fantasy world can lead us to understand the most essential Truths of our own world.
    Keyword:
    religion, Fantastic fiction, English--History and criticism, myth in literature, Tolkien, J.R., and Middle-earth Legendarium
    Subject:
    English
    Creator:
    Marotta, Ryan
    Contributor:
    Prof. Constance Wagner, Thesis Advisor
    Owner:
    lsquillante@saintpeters.edu
    Publisher:
    Saint Peter's University
    Date Uploaded:
    10/14/2020
    Date Modified:
    10/14/2020
    Date Created:
    May 15, 2013
    Rights Statement:
    In Copyright
    Resource Type:
    Research Paper